Ramipril is a prescription medication doctors prescribe for treating heart failure and high blood pressure. It is under a class of drugs called angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Ramipril works by relaxing the blood vessels and increasing blood flow, which helps to lower blood pressure and lessen the risk of heart attack and stroke.

What to avoid

While Ramipril is generally well-tolerated and effective at controlling blood pressure, it can interact with certain foods and beverages, may alter its effectiveness or cause unwanted side effects. It is essential to be informed of these potential interactions and avoid the following foods and drinks when taking Ramipril:

Grapefruit and grapefruit juice

Grapefruit and grapefruit juice contain compounds that can interfere with how Ramipril is metabolized in the body. This can lead to higher levels of Ramipril in the blood, which may increase the risk of side effects such as dizziness, headache, and an increased risk of injury from falls. It is best to avoid grapefruit and grapefruit juice while taking Ramipril or to speak with your doctor or pharmacist about potential alternatives.

Salt-rich foods

Ramipril works by blocking the action of an enzyme called angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). This enzyme helps to constrict blood vessels and increase blood pressure. By blocking ACE, Ramipril helps to relax blood vessels and lower blood pressure. However, salt-rich foods can counter Ramipril's blood pressure-lowering effects by increasing ACE activity. It is, therefore, important to limit your intake of salt-rich foods such as processed meats, salty snacks, and fast food while taking Ramipril.

Salt substitutes

If you are taking Ramipril (or other blood pressure-lowering medications), limit your salt intake as part of a healthy diet. High salt levels can increase blood pressure and counter the blood pressure-lowering effect of this medication. Instead of using regular salt, several alternatives can be used as salt substitutes to add flavour to your food without the added sodium:

• Herbs and spices: Using herbs and spices such as basil, oregano, garlic, and chilli powder can add flavour to your food without the added sodium.

• Citrus juices: Lemon, lime, and orange juices can add a refreshing and tangy flavour to your food.

• Vinegar: Balsamic vinegar, red wine vinegar, and apple cider vinegar can add a tangy and acidic flavour to your food.

• Mustard: Mustard can add flavour to your food and act as an emulsifier in dressings and sauces.

• Soy sauce alternatives: Several low-sodium or sodium-free alternatives to soy sauce can be used in place of regular soy sauce, such as coconut aminos or tamari.

It is important to read labels and choose low-sodium or sodium-free options whenever possible. Additionally, it is a good idea to speak with your healthcare provider or a dietitian about ways to reduce sodium and get recommendations for specific salt substitutes that may be appropriate for you.

Alcohol

Alcohol can also interfere with the blood pressure-lowering effects of Ramipril. It can cause blood vessels to dilate, resulting in a temporary increase in blood pressure. Additionally, alcohol can worsen certain side effects of Ramipril, such as dizziness and light-headedness. It is recommended to limit or avoid drinking alcohol while taking Ramipril. You may also consider speaking with a healthcare professional about the appropriate amount of alcohol that can be consumed safely.

Read more: What are the side effects of ACE inhibitors?

Other considerations

In addition to avoiding certain foods and drinks, there are a few other precautions to keep in mind when taking Ramipril:

Potassium supplements

One potential side effect of Ramipril is an increased blood potassium level in the body. The primary role of the mineral potassium in our body is to regulate heart function, muscle contractions, and fluid balance. While potassium is essential for the body, high potassium levels can be harmful, particularly for people taking potassium-sparing diuretics or those with kidney problems.

If you are taking Ramipril or other medications that may increase potassium levels, speak with your doctor or a registered dietitian about the appropriate amount of potassium-rich foods you can safely consume. Your doctor may also recommend monitoring your potassium levels through blood tests to ensure they are within a safe range. If your potassium levels are within the normal range, consuming a diet rich in potassium is generally safe. However, if your potassium levels are high, your doctor may recommend you limit your intake or avoid potassium-rich foods altogether until your levels return to normal.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Ramipril can interact with NSAIDs such as ibuprofen and naproxen, increasing the risk of kidney problems. If you are taking NSAIDs, speak with your doctor about the appropriate use of these medications while taking Ramipril.

Side effects

Common side effects of Ramipril include dizziness, headache, and a persistent dry cough. In rare cases, Ramipril can cause more serious side effects such as angioedema (swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat), kidney problems, and liver problems.

Allergic reaction

If you have a history of being allergic to ACE inhibitors or other medications, inform your doctor before taking Ramipril.

Pregnancy

Ramipril is generally not recommended for use during pregnancy. If you are conceiving or planning to conceive, speak with your doctor about the appropriate treatment options.

Breastfeeding

It is not known if Ramipril is safe to use while breastfeeding. If breastfeeding, speak with your doctor about the appropriate treatment options.

Follow your doctor's instructions and take Ramipril precisely as prescribed. Do not modify your dose or stop taking the medication without consulting your doctor. If you notice any unusual symptoms while taking Ramipril, be sure to inform your doctor right away.

Read more: Signs and symptoms of high blood pressure.

Benefits of Ramipril

Some potential benefits of Ramipril include:

• Lowering blood pressure: Ramipril is effective at reducing blood pressure and has been shown to lessen the risk of heart attack (as well as stroke) in people with high blood pressure.

• Reducing the risk of heart failure: Ramipril has been shown to lower the risk of hospitalization and death in people with heart failure.

• Improving blood flow: Ramipril can improve blood flow to the heart and other organs, which may help to improve symptoms such as shortness of breath and fatigue.

• Long-term effectiveness: Ramipril is generally well-tolerated and effectively controls blood pressure for a long period.

Read more: What causes heart disease?

The takeaway

Ramipril is a valuable treatment for high blood pressure and heart failure. Still, it can interact with certain foods and beverages, which may alter its effectiveness or cause unwanted side effects. It is beneficial to avoid grapefruit and grapefruit juice, salt-rich foods, and alcohol while taking Ramipril to maximize its benefits and minimize potential risks. If you have any concerns or queries about your medication or diet, speak with your doctor or pharmacist for more guidance.

Ramipril is available at Welzo after a short online consultation. To learn more about this medication, or to start your consultation, click here. 

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