Hypochlorous Acid for Skin: Benefits, Risks, and Uses

What is Hypochlorous Acid?

Like other chemicals in skincare products, such as hyaluronic acid and salicylic acid, hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is harmless and beneficial for the skin. Hypochlorous acid has anti-inflammatory qualities for skin and wounds, but its disinfection qualities have also been shown to be helpful against COVID-19. Furthermore, HOCl has very little danger and can be used in a variety of ways, such as in spray form for hypochlorous acid. Continue reading to learn more about this adaptable, skin-beneficial substance.

Hypochlorous Acid Description

The body spontaneously produces hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a weak acid and antibacterial molecule, via immune cells. It serves as the body's initial chemical line of defence against invaders. The solution is electrolytically produced for skincare products and disinfectants, often known as "electrolysed water" or "electrochemically activated water." When sodium chloride in water, a saline solution, is electrolysed, a new chemical species called sodium hypochlorite (OCl-) and HOCl are produced in equilibrium.

The concentration of free accessible chlorine is the absolute reference standard, even if personal care goods indicate the percentage of hypochlorous acid on their packaging. Most of the literature uses 270 ppm free available chlorine (FAC) solution as the equivalent of a 0.02% hypochlorous acid solution. Even at 200 parts per million, hypochlorous acid is a more potent disinfectant than bleach. It is also very mild, making it safe for topical use by those with dermatitis, rosacea, and eczema. It's a special kind of chemical that can be utilised in skincare goods, medical equipment like wound healing, and as an EPA-approved disinfectant. The concentration determines the format and usage.

What are the Uses of Hypochlorous Acid?

Among the many applications of hypochlorous acid in cosmetics are the following:

1.  Anti-inflammatory Properties: 

Because of its anti-inflammatory qualities, hypochlorous acid is helpful for those who are experiencing inflammatory skin problems linked to acne or eczema. It suppresses proinflammatory mediators and decreases the binding of inflammatory cytokines.

2.  Antimicrobial Agent: 

Hypochlorous acid causes the oxidative destruction of membrane-bound complexes in bacterial cells. Its effectiveness against fungi and viruses has also been shown at different doses. This medical gadget is used in wound treatment and aids in skin purification and cleansing.

3.  Use in Wound Care

Hypochlorous acid has anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties. Wounds are effectively treated with it.  It works against bacteria that are resistant to medicines and lead to dangerous infections, including the ones often encountered in hospitals. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staph bacteria are two examples. By supplying oxygen to the site, hypochlorous acid aids in healing and is useful for wounds that heal slowly.

Products for hypochlorous wound care are available for use in hospitals and at home. They can be used to clean equipment and operation rooms in an environmental disinfection capacity. They can also assist with suture mending after surgery or clean the surgical site to avoid infection during the procedure.

4.  Use as a Disinfectant

For almost a century, hypochlorous acid has been used in wound therapy; however, during the COVID-19 epidemic, one of its features gained further importance. Within 60 seconds of contact, it was discovered to eliminate the SARS-CoV-2 virus.  It is still a gentle yet efficient disinfectant in homes, workplaces, and hospitals. Although hypochlorous acid is significantly more potent than bleach, it is much kinder to surfaces, including skin, due to its lower acidity and salt content.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has authorised the use of hypochlorous acid on meat, fruits, and vegetables, as well as on utensils and equipment in food processing facilities. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has authorised it for use in drinking water, as a food sanitiser that doesn't need rinsing, and by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) for use in the National Organic Program.

What are the Benefits of Hypochlorous Acid for Skin?

Even while antioxidants are fantastic for the skin, there are also several advantages to this potent oxidising agent. As hypochlorous acid in a super oxidised solution, it can:

1. Lower the bacterial bioburden on the skin to treat rosacea and topical systems of congestion.
2. Cleanse and purify wounds to hasten the healing process.
3. Diminish the appearance of inflammation and redness.

Asthma and seborrhoeic dermatitis symptoms can be lessened by decreasing itching, discomfort, and inflammation.  

1.  Hypochlorous Acid for Rosacea

For the same reason that hypochlorous acid is helpful for people with acne-prone skin, it can also help those with rosacea-prone skin. It has been shown that hypochlorous acid lessens topical indications of inflammation without drying out the skin or clogging pores.

2.  Hypochlorous Acid for Acne and Congested Skin

Hypochlorous acid relieves clogged skin by targeting microorganisms on the surface. It is excellent for those with acne-prone skin since it assists in cleansing while lowering topical redness. It is the ideal complement to a skin routine that includes over-the-counter acne solutions, often leaving skin feeling tight and dry since they don't lower sebum levels or dry out the skin.

3.  Hypochlorous Acid for Eczema

Hypochlorous acid relieves clogged skin by targeting microorganisms on the surface. It is excellent for those with acne-prone skin since it assists in cleansing while lowering topical redness. It is the ideal complement to a skin routine that includes over-the-counter acne solutions, which often leave skin feeling tight and dry since they don't lower sebum levels or dry out the skin.

4.  Helps Reduce Acne

Hypochlorous acid targets the microorganisms that cause acne. This mild substance engulfs these undesirable microorganisms, dissolving their cell walls to prevent growth or multiplication.

The capacity of hypochlorous acid in a super oxidized solution to prevent the development of a pro-acne skin environment made it comparable in effectiveness to benzoyl peroxide, the anti-acne hero component, in research. The study's limitations, however, point to the need for more investigation. Despite decades of studies supporting the use of benzoyl peroxide, hypochlorous acid is still the gold standard for ingredients used on skin prone to acne. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has authorised benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid (BHA), and sulphur as over-the-counter acne treatments, but not hypochlorous acid when used in isolation at specific percentages. Therefore, if a person is searching for a reliable substance that can remove blemishes, go for ones that have been tried and proven!

While hypochlorous acid also prevents fungus development, it is unclear whether this effect is limited to the particular fungus (yeast) that causes pimples and blockages on the body and face.

5.  Help psoriasis

Research on hypochlorous acid application for skin is ongoing, with encouraging outcomes. More solid scientific research needs to demonstrate its advantages, particularly for psoriasis. Nonetheless, HOCI   can be helpful for psoriasis and other skin disorders due to a number of ways in which it functions.

For instance, the previously stated mouse research suggests that HOCI might distinguish between psoriatic arthritis and cutaneous psoriasis in people.

Because HOCI contains anti-inflammatory qualities, topical application—that is, applying it to the skin— is advantageous; however, more studies are required to substantiate this claim.  According to a 2018 analysis of several research, topical formulations—made expressly for application on the skin—containing stabilised, pH-neutral HOCI were beneficial for treating skin conditions such as pruritic skin conditions (itchy skin), wound care, acne, and diabetic ulcers.

Despite the absence of trials, particularly on psoriasis, this study did identify several possible advantages of HOCI for skin care, including its:

• Immunomodulatory qualities: Immunomodulating drugs improve a person's ability to fend off illness by either boosting or lowering the immune system. HOCI helps people with psoriasis as it is an immune system condition; however, more studies are required to establish this.
• Possible antihistamine effects: Several studies indicate that psoriasis is associated with higher histamine levels.
• Possible decrease in cytokine release: The immune system depends on cytokines to function. Cytokines are overproduced in people living with psoriasis, which causes inflammation and psoriasis lesions. We refer to this as a "cytokine storm."

6.  Reduce wrinkles

Indirectly, because of its supporting function in preserving the health of the skin, hypochlorous acid aids in the reduction of the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines. Hypochlorous acid, which has relaxing effects, can be used topically to help reduce the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines on skin that are irritated and dry.

It can't address the underlying architecture and rigidity of the skin, so don't anticipate miracles. Research has shown that retinoids, retinol, and peptides are considerably more effective anti-ageing skin care products that directly reduce the appearance of ageing indicators, including dullness, wrinkles, and uneven tone.

What are the Concentration Levels & Recommended Usage of Hypochlorous Acid?

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is usually advised in skincare products at low concentrations, between 0.005% and 0.02%. It has been discovered that this concentration range works well to provide the required advantages, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and wound maintenance qualities. It is crucial to remember that improved outcomes are not always associated with greater HOCl concentrations. A high concentration of HOCl might irritate the skin or have other negative consequences. Using HOCl at the right concentration level is essential for the product's intended usage. Since sodium hypochlorite causes skin irritation, more significant levels of hypochlorous acid also imply higher amounts of sodium hypochlorite since they are in equilibrium. Higher concentrations of hypochlorous acid are present in care and disinfection products. 

What are the Risks and Side Effects associated with the use of Hypochlorous Acid?

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) solutions have not been associated with any documented adverse effects. As stated differently, HOCl is not a concern if a person has sensitive skin, and one takes care of it while adding new substances to the regimen.

Hypochlorous acid is a non-irritating, perfect therapy for all skin types since it is a naturally occurring substance in the body. It helps with skin peeling, redness, and itching from psoriasis, acne, and eczema. 

What type of skincare products typically includes hypochlorous acid?

Owing to several incompatibilities between ingredients, a pH range required for effectiveness, and the specialised equipment necessary for synthesis, hypochlorous acid is only available in a few forms and is not manufactured by many producers. Wipes, simple water-based serums, and face sprays all include hypochlorous acid. Universal Skin Solution Hypochlorous Acid Spray is available, a super oxidized solution with 0.02% hypochlorous acid to cleanse skin and minimise redness and sensitised skin. This is the ideal amount of sodium hypochlorite to prevent undesirable levels while maximising the effectiveness of a cosmetic product. To create a pure hypochlorous acid, we begin with a saline solution and electrolyse it. A unique pH stabilising mechanism then keeps the acid in the active state. Sea salt is added to get it concentrated for its mineral profile, particularly magnesium-rich, even though most manufacturers begin with regular sodium chloride as the salt in their saline solution. Magnesium has the potential to soothe skin. Additionally, it was awarded the Seal of Acceptance by the National Rosacea Society and the National Eczema Association.

What Skincare Ingredients Pair Well with Hypochlorous Acid?

Since hypochlorous acid is incompatible with most substances, products that include it are usually simple solutions of a few constituents. Being a potent oxidiser, it oxidises the majority of the materials it comes into contact with. Hypochlorous acid products can be applied to the skin, and additional products can be stacked on top of them and formulated with them. It's essential to wait until the hypochlorous acid product has completely dried on the skin before using it with other treatments, including antioxidants like vitamin C. 

Soothing and anti-inflammatory treatments with niacinamide, beta-glucan, or colloidal oatmeal are placed over a hypochlorous acid spray and serum. It has been shown that niacinamide possesses anti-inflammatory qualities, which enhance the advantages of HOCl in this regard. People with inflammatory skin disorders or congestion find this combo very beneficial.

Hyaluronic acid is a humidifier that assists the skin in drawing in and holding onto moisture to provide plumping and hydrating benefits. The antibacterial qualities of HOCl, when combined with this mixture, strengthen the skin's natural moisture barrier and inhibit the development of microorganisms. To aid with congestion and breakouts, use an OTC salicylic acid after using a hypochlorous acid spray or serum as a foundation. One beta-hydroxy acid that works well for treating acne and other skin imperfections is salicylic acid. When paired with HOCl, it provides the treatment plan with a dual action, with salicylic acid giving comedolytic effects and HOCl aiding in inflammation reduction.

Numerous substances, such as niacinamide, hyaluronic acid, and salicylic acid, stack well with hypochlorous acid. When paired with these components, hypochlorous acid provides a thorough skincare regimen that enhances skin health overall.

What are the Safety and Precautions Measures advised regarding the use of Hypochlorous Acid?

Despite its efficacy, hypochlorous acid is mild and typically safe to use. However, precautions must be taken.

Make sure you are utilising hypochlorous acid and not any other potentially hazardous substances with the same name, including hypochlorite solutions or chlorine bleaches.

If hypochlorous acid is not stabilised so that light and temperature influence it less quickly, it loses its ability to combat microorganisms. If it deteriorates, it starts to resemble salt water. Although newer production techniques address this issue, hypochlorous acid should be stored in an opaque (as opposed to transparent) container in a cold, dark environment.

People Also Ask

Are There Any Ingredients that must Not Be Used with Hypochlorous Acid?

Phenolic acid is susceptible to temperature fluctuations, and light. Selecting skincare products with hypochlorous acid designed to maintain the stability and effectiveness of HOCl is crucial. During the electrolysis process, very pure salt with very few metallic ion impurities must be utilised; otherwise, the stability and shelf life of the hypochlorous acid would suffer. Considerations include removing metal equipment that might oxidise and rust in the presence of hypochlorous acid, which must be considered even throughout the production process. The majority of components cannot be added to the super-oxidised solution itself due to the many incompatibilities of HOCl. Before using hypochlorous acid on the skin, never combine it with other personal care items, as this might lessen the effectiveness of your goods. Apply the hypochlorous acid spray, solution, or serum in a layer and wait for it to dry before adding additional items.

What is the Optimal pH Range When Used in Skincare?

Since hypochlorous acid is more reactive than hypochlorite, careful attention must be given to the product's manufacturing, filling, and storage. The pH and stability of the formula are essential because they affect the amount of hypochlorous acid present. Hypochlorous acid is the most potent form and is primarily prevalent at pH 3-6. If present outside of this range, it transforms into sodium hypochlorite. According to the hypochlorous acid dissociation curve, a product is most effective in its least dissociated state or HOCl. There is a very narrow range: if the pH is too high, the solution turns into a bleaching agent; if the pH is too low, less chlorine gas is produced. You have almost 100% sodium hypochlorite at pH 12 and nearly 100% hypochlorous acid at pH 5.5. Products with greater concentrations of hypochlorous acid have shorter shelf lives. A product containing 0.02% hypochlorous acid has a one-year shelf life. However, it can be prolonged by keeping it in a cold environment.

Conclusion

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a harmless and beneficial compound for the skin. Hypochlorous acid has anti-inflammatory qualities for healing the underlying inflammation in the skin and wounds. The body spontaneously produces hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a weak acid and antibacterial molecule, via immune cells. It serves as the body's initial chemical line of defence against invaders. The solution is electrolytically produced for skincare products and disinfectants. It is a more potent disinfectant than bleach. It is also very mild, making it safe for topical use by those with dermatitis, rosacea, and eczema. It suppresses proinflammatory mediators and decreases the binding of inflammatory cytokines. Its effectiveness against fungi and viruses has also been shown at different doses. This medical gadget is used in wound treatment and aids in skin purification and cleansing. It works against bacteria that are resistant to medicines and lead to dangerous infections, including the ones often encountered in hospitals. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staph bacteria are two examples. Although hypochlorous acid is significantly more potent than bleach, it is much kinder to surfaces, including skin, due to its lower acidity and salt content. Hypochlorous acid is ideal for inclusion in in skincare and topical treatments for individuals with rosacea, acne, congested skin, psoriasis and eczema. Hypochlorous acid aids in the reduction of the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines with its supporting function in preserving the health of the skin. HOCl works best at the concentration of 0.005% and 0.02% as it has been discovered that this concentration range works well to provide the required advantages, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and wound maintenance qualities.