Znaki in simptomi menopavze ter zdravljenje, če jih doživljate

Kaj je zajeto?

Menopause is a natural process in women, which marks the end stage of your menstrual period. It is expected when you have experienced no menstruation for 12 months. It occurs when the female's hormone stops producing the ovulation process.

At this stage, the woman is declared infertile as she becomes unable to get pregnant.

Menopause is not a disease and occurs in every woman after 50 years of age. However, some females experience menopause symptoms in the early stages of life which is called premature menopause or early menopause.

Factors such as family history, smoking, autoimmune disease and ethnicity are responsible for premature menopause.

Prevalence of menopause symptoms

Menopause symptoms are a natural phenomenon and appear in every woman's life after 50 years of age. In the UK, the average age of menopause symptoms is 51. But around 2 in 100 females experience menopause symptoms before 45 years of age.

In a few cases, menopause has been experienced before 35 years of age. However, many factors can affect the early diagnosis of menopause.

Stages of menopause

There are three main stages of menopause.

1. Perimenopause

Perimenopause symptoms begin early at the age of 30. It is started when you notice a delay in your menstrual cycles.

There is a sudden increase in the level of oestrogen and progesterone hormones. Common symptoms of menopause include hot flashes, memory, and sleep problems. This stage is also called menopausal transition.

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2. Menopause

The menopause stage develops at the age of 45 to 50. It occurs when there is a complete absence of the menstrual cycle. At this stage, full menopausal symptoms have appeared in the women, and your ovaries stop releasing eggs.

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3. Post menopause

This stage occurs after menopause and lasts for the rest of your life. Women in this stage are at an increased risk of diseases like osteoporosis and heart disease.

Higher risk factors for menopausal women

1. Decreased production of oestrogen and progesterone

Oestrogen and progesterone are hormones that control the menstrual periods and release eggs from the ovaries. When there is a decline in the production of these hormones, then menopause happens.

2. Oophorectomy

Oophorectomy is the surgical removal of ovaries from the female body. In the absence of ovaries in your body, there is no production of hormones to regulate menstrual periods.

3. Radiation therapy

Radiation therapy is used for cancer treatment which may induce menopause.

4. Primary ovarian insufficiency

Primary ovarian insufficiency is the main cause of premature menopause. It occurs at the early stage of life in females.

This insufficiency may occur due to autoimmune diseases. In such conditions, the ovaries are congenitally missing.

Menopausal symptoms

Following are some menopause symptoms.

1. Vaginal dryness

Vaginal dryness is a common symptom of menopause. It is also called vaginal atrophy. Menopause makes the vaginal mucosa thinner and irritable.

Your doctor may recommend different lotions to lubricate the vagina and end the vaginal dryness.

2. Irregular periods

Menopause disturbs your period's cycle. Sometimes the cycle lasts for a longer time, while next time, it lasts for a short time.

These irregularities occur due to menopausal hormonal changes. Some females may miss their periods. These symptoms occur during the perimenopause stage of menopause.

3. Hot flashes

Hot flushes are the feeling of warmth, most commonly occurring on the upper part of the body. The skin becomes red, and sharp temperature increases occur.

To je znak menopavze, ki jih skoraj vsaka ženska doživi med fazo menopavze. To je odziv kože na hormonske spremembe.

4. Sleep apnoea and night sweats

O nespečnosti so poročali pri nekaterih ženskah, ki prehajajo skozi menopavzo v življenju. Motnje spanja se pojavi zaradi nenadnih nenadnih sprememb vaših hormonov.

Skupaj s težavami spanja se zaradi temperaturnih sprememb pojavi tudi nočni znoj.

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5. Izpadanje las

Oestrogen and progesterone help produce the hair follicle, strengthening your hair and preventing it from falling.

In menopause, there is a decline in the level of these hormones, which consequently leads to the weakening of your hair. Lasje so lepota ženskega telesa in lahko samico vodijo do tesnobe in depresije.

Če želite izvedeti več o izpadanju las, glejte tukaj.

6. Drugi simptomi menopavze

a. Boli sklepa in mišic

b. Nihanje razpoloženja

c. Cold flashes and night sweats, e. Vroče utripe

d. Painful intercourse

e. Težave s spominom

Complications of menopause

Following health risks occur in women who experience menopause early

1. srčno -žilne bolezni

Ženske z nizko raven hormonov estrogena so večje tveganje za razvoj srčnih bolezni.

The cholesterol level in your blood becomes high and accumulates in the heart's blood vessels when the menstrual cycle stops.

Such a condition reduces the blood flow toward cardiac muscles. Therefore regular exercise is recommended to normalise your cholesterol level.

2. Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is considered the most common health complication related to the postmenopausal stage. This condition makes your bone bristles prone to fracture easily.

The hormonal imbalance during menopause makes the bone structure vulnerable.

The commonly affected bones by osteoporosis are the backbone, wrist bones, and long bones of the legs. Osteoporosis occurs during an early stage of menopause.

3. Urination problems

Menopause causes thinning of the vaginal mucosa, which leads to loss of elasticity. These changes may cause involuntary urination.

Along with urinary incontinence, some females also experience urinary tract infections because the dry vagina creates a favourable environment for the growth of bacteria.

Kegel exercise is recommended to strengthen pelvic floor muscles and relieve the symptoms of urine urgency.

4. Weight gain

Zaradi nizkega procesa metabolizma veliko žensk v fazi menopavze pridobiva na teži. Zato bi morali pojesti uravnoteženo prehrano, da ohranite normalno težo po menopavzi in odpravite povečanje telesne mase.

Menopause treatment

Menopause is an ageing process and recovery to normal menstrual periods is impossible. However, treatment is given to overcome the menopausal symptoms and complications. If you experience sudden illness, you need to seek medical advice from a healthcare provider.

For vaginal dryness, the doctor recommends different creams to relieve vaginal dryness. Anti-fungal medications are also applied to reduce the chance of fungal infection.

Podobno izvajalci zdravstvenih storitev svetujejo, da okrepijo mišice medeničnega dna, da ustavijo neprostovoljno uriniranje za urinsko inkontinenco.

Zdrava prehrana in vadba sta potrebna tudi za žensko, ki ima simptome menopavze, da ohrani zdravo težo in se znebi srčnih bolezni.

Če želite preizkusiti menopavzo, Kliknite tukaj.

Or, to learn more about menopause and see our range of treatment options, including hormone replacement therapies, Kliknite tukaj.

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