Nickel is a common element in the environment and in many products we use daily. It is often used in jewellery, coins, and metal objects. It is also used as a coating for other materials, such as stainless steel. While nickel is not harmful to most people, some individuals can develop an allergy to it. This type of allergy causes skin irritation and is known as nickel allergy or nickel allergic contact dermatitis (NACD).

Symptoms of a nickel allergy

Nickel allergy is a condition caused by an adverse skin reaction due to nickel exposure. It is one of the most widespread metal allergy variations and can affect both children and adults. This can be problematic as nickel can be found in everyday products such as belt buckles, eyeglass frames and coins.

The symptoms of a nickel allergy, or nickel sensitivity, can vary from person to person, but common symptoms include:

• Itching

• Skin rash or bumps on the skin

• Redness

• Dry, scaly skin

• Blisters

• Swelling

These symptoms typically appear in the area of the skin that has come into contact with the nickel. For example, suppose you are wearing earrings made of nickel and develop an allergy. In that case, the symptoms may appear on your earlobes.

How is nickel allergy diagnosed?

If you suspect that you have a nickel allergy, it is essential to see a dermatologist for a proper diagnosis. Your dermatologist will inquire about your past health conditions and medications and perform a physical examination to look for signs of a nickel allergy. They may also conduct a patch test. Patch allergy tests involve applying a small amount of nickel to a patch, which is then applied to a part of your skin. The patch is kept on for forty-eight hours and then removed. The dermatologist will then check the area for any reactions.

Read more: Can I be allergic to water?

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Causes of a nickel allergy

Dermatitis is commonly caused by wearing nickel jewellery or other accessories that contain this metal. Nickel allergies may also occur from coming into contact with clothing fasteners, belt buckles and other items such as hairpins, buttons (especially shirt studs), watchbands and shoe buckles.

A nickel allergy is caused by the body's immune response to nickel as if it were a harmful substance. When exposed to nickel, the body produces an antibody called immunoglobulin E (IgE). This antibody triggers the release of histamines, which can cause the symptoms of an allergic reaction.

Nickel allergy develops more commonly in women than in men, and it is estimated that around 10% of women and 1% of men have a nickel allergy. It is also more common in people who have a family history of atopic dermatitis (eczema) or other allergies and in those who live in areas with high air pollution levels.

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Treatment of a nickel allergy

If you're allergic to nickel, the most crucial thing you can do is avoid contact with nickel as much as possible. This may involve avoiding certain jewellery types and opting for jewellery marked as "nickel-free", switching to stainless steel cookware, and wearing gloves when handling coins or other nickel-containing items.

Another option is surgical-grade stainless steel. It is most suitable for people with a nickel allergy since it is hypoallergenic and will not cause irritation to your skin. The only downside of surgical stainless steel is that it can be expensive, especially if you want something fancy, like a wedding band or engagement ring.

Another way to avoid contact with nickel is to follow a low-nickel diet, which involves limiting your intake of foods that contain high amounts of nickel. You should avoid eating nickel-containing foods, such as shellfish and soybeans, and drinking beverages that have them, such as grape juice. Other familiar sources of nickel in the diet include:

• Nuts, particularly almonds, hazelnuts, and peanuts

• Whole grains, including oats, wheat, and rye

• Chocolate and cocoa products

• Soy products, including tofu and soy milk

It is important to note that while these foods may contain small amounts of nickel, they are generally considered safe to eat and are not typically a concern for most people. However, if you are allergic to nickel, you may need to be more mindful of your intake of these foods.

Suppose you do come into contact with nickel and develop symptoms. In that case, over-the-counter antihistamines can help to alleviate the itching and swelling. Your dermatologist may also prescribe a more vital medication, such as topical corticosteroids, to help reduce inflammation.

Read more: How do allergy tablets work?

Systemic nickel allergy syndrome

Systemic nickel allergy syndrome (SNAS) is a rare condition when a person develops an allergic reaction to nickel after ingesting it rather than having skin contact with it. Its symptoms can include:

• Rash or hives

• Itching

• Swelling of the lips, tongue, and throat

• Difficulty breathing

• Abdominal pain

• Nausea and vomiting

SNAS is a potentially serious condition that can be life-threatening if left untreated. If you suspect you have SNAS, it is crucial to seek immediate medical attention.

It is important to note that while nickel allergy and SNAS are both caused by an allergic reaction to nickel, they are different conditions and require different treatment approaches.

Read more: What is a food sensitivity test?

The takeaway

A nickel allergy is an immune system reaction to the presence of nickel on the skin or in other products. It can cause symptoms such as itching, rash, and swelling. If you suspect a nickel allergy, it is important to see a dermatologist for proper diagnosis and treatment. Avoiding exposure to nickel is the most effective way to prevent a reaction.

Take this test to measure the nickel in your blood.

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