Actos

Actos - welzo

Generic name: Pioglitazone

A thiazolidinedione anti-diabetic drug called Actos (pioglitazone) is used to help people with type 2 diabetes manage their blood sugar levels. It functions by making the body more responsive to insulin, which aids in lowering blood sugar levels. Actos is usually taken once daily, with or without food.

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration, pioglitazone is quickly and completely absorbed, with peak plasma concentrations appearing within 1-2 hours. Pioglitazone has a mean bioavailability of about 100%. Less than 5% of the dose of pioglitazone is recovered in urine as an unchanged drug due to the extensive oxidative biotransformation metabolism that occurs with this medication. The primary metabolic pathway involves hydrolysis of the thiazolidinedione ring, followed by oxidation of the resulting sulfoxide moiety to a sulfone. The primary isozyme responsible for pioglitazone metabolism is cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).

The pharmacokinetics of pioglitazone do not differ significantly in males and females.

More than 99% of pioglitazone is tightly bound to plasma proteins, primarily albumin. Since therapeutic doses were used, the binding is non-specific and does not exhibit saturation.

Pioglitazone has a mean half-life of 12 hours for elimination. Less than 1% of the dose of pioglitazone is recovered as unchanged medication, with the majority of the drug's elimination occurring in the urine.

Indications and usage

Actos is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Contraindications

Patients who have a history of pioglitazone or any of the other formulation ingredients causing an allergic reaction should not take Actos.

Side Effects

Actos could have negative effects. If any of these symptoms are severe or do not go away, let your doctor know right away:

  • swollen,
  • constipated,
  • nausea,
  • headache,
  • dizziness,
  • heartburn,
  • gas,
  • indigestion,
  • mild skin rash,
  • a stuffy nose,
  • a sore throat, and
  • fatigue

Other negative effects of actos are possible.

Not everyone will be a good fit for Actos. Actos may lead to weight gain as well. Contact your doctor right away if you experience any severe side effects from taking Actos.

Warnings and precautions

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Pioglitazone has been linked to hypersensitivity reactions such as angioedema, urticaria, and rash. Stop taking pioglitazone if hypersensitivity reactions happen and start the proper treatment.

Fluid Retention: Pioglitazone clinical trials have seen reports of edema. When taking pioglitazone, weight gain is possible; routinely check your weight. Watch for signs and symptoms of worsening heart failure in patients with pre-existing heart failure. ye.commastmastmastmastmastmastmastmastmas, and.

Macrovascular Outcomes: No clinical studies have provided conclusive proof that pioglitazone or any other anti-diabetic medication reduces the risk of macrovascular disease.

Hepatic Impairment: Patients with active liver disease or unexplained transaminase elevations should not take pioglitazone. Stop taking pioglitazone as soon as liver damage symptoms or signs appear, and start the appropriate treatment.

Adverse reactions

Upper respiratory tract infection, sinusitis, headache, back pain, and edema are the most typical adverse reactions (5%) associated with pioglitazone that have been documented in clinical trials.

Drug interactions

Avoid taking pioglitazone and potent CYP3A4 inhibitors at the same time, such as ketoconazole, itraconazole, gemfibrozil, and ritonavir. If a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor is required, the patient should be closely watched for signs and symptoms of pioglitazone toxicity (such as edema, weight gain, and hypoglycemia), and the pioglitazone dose should be adjusted as necessary.

Hepatic Impairment: Patients with active liver disease or unexplained transaminase elevations should not take pioglitazone. Stop taking pioglitazone as soon as liver damage symptoms or signs appear, and start the appropriate treatment.

Use in specific populations

Pregnancy: Pioglitazone could harm an unborn child, according to findings from studies on animals.

Mothers who are nursing: It is unknown if pioglitazone is excreted in breast milk. Given that many medications are excreted in human milk and that pioglitazone may cause serious adverse effects in nursing infants, a choice should be made regarding whether to stop nursing or to stop the medication, taking into account the significance of the medication to the mother.

Pediatric use: Actos' effectiveness and safety in treating pediatric patients have not been proven.

Geriatric use: No overall differences in effectiveness or safety were observed between geriatric and younger patients in clinical trials.

Females of Reproductive Potential: Pioglitazone could harm an unborn child, according to findings from studies on animals.

Pioglitazone is not advised for use in women who are pregnant or who are lactating who are not using an effective form of contraception. The patient should be informed of the potential risk to the fetus if pioglitazone is used during pregnancy or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this medication.

Dosage

The usual dosage of Actos is one dose per day, with or without food.

Actos should be taken as soon as you remember if you miss a dose. Skip the missed dose and carry on with your regular schedule if it is almost time for your next dose. Do not take two doses of Actos at the same time.

Overdose

Call a poison control center or your doctor right away if you take too much Actos. Overdose symptoms could include:

  • Confusion,
  • Headache,
  • Lightheadedness,
  • Dizziness,
  • Vomiting, and
  • nausea Storage

Storage

Keep Actos in a dark, dry place at room temperature. Keep out of the bathroom. Keep pets and children away from children and Actos.

If your Actos is broken or expired, don't take it. Consult your pharmacist for advice on how to properly dispose of your medications.

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