Capozide

Capozide is a diuretic combination drug used to treat fluid retention and high blood pressure. It includes the medications captopril and hydrochlorothiazide. A thiazide diuretic (water pill), hydrochlorothiazide helps stop your body from absorbing too much salt, which can lead to fluid retention. An ACE inhibitor called captopril relaxes blood vessels, facilitating easier blood flow. Hypertension (high blood pressure) is treated with this drug combination. Bringing down high blood pressure reduces the risk of heart attacks, kidney issues, and strokes. Congestive heart failure may also be treated with this drug.

Pharmacokinetics

Following oral administration, capozide is quickly and completely absorbed from the digestive system. Captopril and hydrochlorothiazide reach their peak plasma concentrations in 1-2 hours and 2-4 hours, respectively. Hydrochlorothiazide has a bioavailability of about 70%. However, hydrochlorothiazide does not pass through the blood-brain barrier.

Indications and usage

Capozide is a prescription medication used to treat hypertension and lower blood pressure. The risk of both fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, particularly strokes and myocardial infarctions, is decreased by lowering blood pressure. Controlled trials of antihypertensive medications from a wide range of pharmacologic classes, including this medication, have demonstrated these advantages.

Captopril: A white, crystalline powder with a molecular weight of 427.0, captopril is an ACE inhibitor. Insoluble in ethanol, it is soluble in water.

Hydrochlorothiazide: Hydrochlorothiazide has a molecular weight of 297.7 and is a white, or nearly white, crystalline powder. Insoluble in ethanol, it is soluble in water.

Its chemical name is 6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide 1,1-dioxide, or hydrochlorothiazide. The structure is as follows:

Each oral CAPOZIDE tablet contains 25 mg of hydrochlorothiazide USP and 25 mg of captopril. Anhydrous lactose NF, carnauba wax, colloidal silicon dioxide, crospovidone USP, hypromellose USP2910 3cP, magnesium stearate NF, and microcrystalline cellulose NF are additional inactive components found in each tablet. The colorant in the tablet coating is iron oxide red.

Contraindications

Capozide is not recommended for individuals with:

• Anuria.
• hypersensitivity to any product ingredient.

WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

Sulfonamide Hypersensitivity Reactions: Hydrochlorothiazide, a sulfonamide, is a component of CAPOZIDE. Cross-sensitivity to hydrochlorothiazide has been reported in some patients who are hypersensitive to other medications derived from sulfonamides.

Utilizing renin-angiotensin system-active medications in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy decreases fetal renal function and raises fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Fetal lung hypoplasia and skeletal abnormalities may result from oligohydramnios. Skull hypoplasia, anuria, hypotension, renal failure, and death are examples of potential neonatal adverse effects. If pregnancy is found, stop taking CAPOZIDE as soon as you can.

These unfavorable effects are typically linked to using these medications during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. In the majority of epidemiologic studies examining fetal abnormalities following exposure to antihypertensive use in the first trimester, drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin system have not been distinguished from other antihypertensive agents. To achieve the best results for both mother and fetus, maternal hypertension during pregnancy must be properly managed.

In studies on animal reproduction, taking ACE inhibitors during pregnancy has been linked to neonatal toxicity (renal failure, hypotension, and death) as well as fetotoxicity (reduced renal function, oligohydramnios, and retarded skull ossification).

A decision regarding whether to stop nursing or stop using the medication should be made due to the possibility ofserious adverse reactions in nursing infants from CAPOZIDE, taking into account the significance of

In diabetic patients, do not co-administer aliskiren and capozide. When combined with CAPOZIDE, aliskiren should not be used in patients with renal impairment (GFR 60 mL/min).

ACE inhibitors, especially when used in conjunction with diuretics, can result in hypotension and acute renal insufficiency. Keep a close eye on serum creatinine and blood pressure levels. RAS inhibitors should not be used in combination. Patients taking CAPOZIDE and other RAS-affecting medications should have their blood pressure, kidney function, and electrolytes closely monitored.

Over-the-top Hypotension: CAPOZIDE may result in symptomatic hypotension, especially in patients with renal impairment (GFR 60 mL/min) or hypovolemia. Place the patient in the supine position and administer an intravenous infusion of normal saline if hypotension develops. The continuation of CAPOZIDE therapy in the absence of a transient hypotensive response is generally not problematic once the blood pressure has stabilized. A lower dose or stopping the medication may be required if symptomatic hypotension appears after taking the first dose of CAPOZIDE and lasts for more than an hour after administration or requires treatment.

Hyperkalemia: CAPOZIDE can result in hyperkalemia, especially in patients with diabetes mellitus and renal impairment (GFR 60 mL/min). Keep a close eye on serum potassium levels. If hyperkalemia develops, symptomatic and supportive care should be given. Hemodialysis may be necessary for severe hyperkalemia.

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Some patients may experience hypersensitivity reactions to hydrochlorothiazide. Those who have a history of multiple allergen sensitivity are more likely to experience these reactions. Urticaria, angioedema, rash, bronchospasm, and oropharyngeal edema have all been reported. Stop using CAPOZIDE if hypersensitivity reactions occur, and start the appropriate therapy.

Anaphylactoid Reactions During Desensitization: Patients taking ACE inhibitors have experienced anaphylactoid reactions while receiving dialysis. Patients receiving prodrugs of ACE inhibitors, or compounds related to ACE inhibitors that are metabolized to ACE inhibitors, have also experienced these side effects. Angioedema affecting the tongue, glottis, or larynx has been documented. There have also been reports of angioedema of the face, extremities, lips, tongue, glottis, and/or larynx. These reactions have been linked to stridor, dyspnea, wheezing, and upper respiratory tract swelling. There has also been one report of a patient with severe angioedema passing away as a result of airway obstruction brought on by laryngeal manipulation. In the event of laryngeal stridor or angioedema of the face, tongue, or glottis, CAPOZIDE should be stopped right away and the proper emergency treatment should be started.

Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Agents (NSAIAs): BUN or serum creatinine elevation, or even both, has happened in some patients receiving CAPOZIDE treatment. Patients who are elderly or who have renal impairment are more likely to experience these changes. Patients receiving CAPOZIDE and NSAIAs should periodically have their serum creatinine and BUN levels checked.

Sarcoidosis: The use of thiazide diuretics has been linked to cases of sarcoidosis or a related type of granulomatous disease. If sarcoidosis appears, stop using CAPOZIDE immediately.

It has been demonstrated that thiazides can pass the placental barrier and show up in cord blood. The teratogenic effects of hydrochlorothiazide on pregnant women have not been adequately and carefully studied. Only if the benefits outweigh the risks to the fetus should thiazides be used during pregnancy.

Dosage and Administration

It is advised to take one tablet of Capozide orally twice daily as the first dose. In order to control blood pressure, the dosage may be increased up to the maximum advised dose of two tablets twice a day. Diuretic therapy needs to be restarted if CAPOZIDE alone is unable to lower blood pressure. If further blood pressure lowering is necessary, a different antihypertensive medication from a different class may be added.

One tablet twice daily may be sufficient to control blood pressure in patients who cannot tolerate the full blood pressure-lowering effects of two CAPOZIDE tablets.

Storage

Store at 77°F (25°C); excursions are allowed to 59–86°F (15–30°C).

The following retailers offer CAPOZIDE tablets:

Pink, film-coated, capsule-shaped tablets with a dosage of 25 mg/15 mg and the letters "WPI" and "3375" embossed on each side. 100-bottle NDC 0536-3375-01. Store at 77°F (25°C); excursions are allowed to 59–86°F (15–30°C). Maintain in a tight container. shield from moisture and light. As specified in the USP/NF, dispense into a tight container.