10 Types of Mood Disorders

What Is Mood Disorder?

Mood disorder is a mental health condition that primarily impacts one's emotions. These disorders result in persistent and intense sadness, joy, or anger. Fortunately, mood disorders are effectively treated using a combination of medication and psychotherapy. A famous saying by a health specialist goes, “the treatment is tailored to the individual's diagnosis and the severity of their symptoms."

"Mood disorders are complex and often debilitating conditions that can affect every aspect of a person's life. They are not a sign of weakness or a character flaw, but rather a result of complex interactions between genes, brain chemistry, and life experiences. With proper diagnosis and treatment, many individuals with mood disorders can lead fulfilling and productive lives," as explained by Dr Kay Redfield Jamison, a renowned psychiatrist.

It is normal for one’s mood to vary depending on the circumstances. However, indications should be present for several weeks or more for a mood disorder diagnosis. Mood disorders lead to alterations in behaviour and appearance of signs of mental illness that have the potential to impede the body’s capacity to execute everyday tasks, such as school or work.

The term "mood disorder" covers a wide range of depressive and bipolar conditions that affect one's emotional state. Once a patient with mood disorder starts to exhibit its symptoms, it is observed that their mood fluctuates from a severely low (depressed) to a heightened state of elation or irritability (manic). Diagnosing the right type of mood disorder for specifically targeted therapy and treatment plan is important.

Symptoms of Mood Disorders

A person's symptoms of mood disorder vary depending on the age and the type of mood disorder they are experiencing. Below are the most typical signs of mental illness associated with a mood disorder:

• Continual feelings of sadness, anxiety, or emptiness
• Feelings of hopelessness or helplessness
• Low self-esteem and feelings of worthlessness or inadequacy
• Experiencing excessive guilt
• Loss of interest in a routine that was once enjoyed, including sex.
• Relationship issues
• Trouble sleeping or sleeping too much.
• Changes in appetite or weight
• Decreased energy levels.
• Difficulty concentrating
• Inability to make decisions.
• Physical complaints like headaches, stomach aches, or tiredness that persist despite treatment.
• Attempts to run away or threats of doing so.
• Being highly sensitive to failure or rejection
• Displaying irritability, hostility, or aggression
• Persistent thoughts of death or suicide, making plans for death, or wishing to die.

These feelings are more intense and recurrent than what other normal individuals typically experience from time to time. It's also concerning whether these feelings continue over time and interfere with one's family, friends, community, or work engagement.

It's crucial for anyone experiencing suicidal thoughts to seek medical assistance immediately. If a person schedule an appointment with their primary care provider immediately, it's best to go to a reputable mental health facility in their community without delay.

The signs and symptoms of mood disorders seem like those of other mental health issues or conditions. As a result, it's always necessary to consult with a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis.

Causes of Mood Disorder

There might be a dozen of related or unrelated causes of why a person is feeling low or depressed lately. The exact cause of mood disorders remains unknown. However, there is evidence to suggest that genetics play a role. Additionally, alterations in certain brain chemicals contribute to the development of these disorders. These disorders affect individuals of all genders, ages, races, and income levels.

Biological factors

Studies have shown that the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex, two brain areas responsible for controlling emotions and feelings, are affected in people with mood disorders. Brain imaging tests have revealed an enlarged amygdala in individuals with mood disorders, which contribute to their heightened emotional responses. It is still unclear how these brain changes develop or how they relate to specific mood disorders. Still, genetic, or environmental factors influence them.

Genetic factors

A strong family history of mood disorders is one of the most well-established risk factors for developing these conditions. Studies have suggested that the heritability of mood disorders is likely to be complex, involving multiple genes and environmental factors. Researchers have identified many genetic variations that contribute to the development of mood disorders. However, it is still not entirely clear how these genetic factors interact with one another or with environmental factors to influence mood.

Environmental factors

Stressful life events, chronic stress, trauma, feeling depressed, and childhood abuse have all been linked to an increased risk of developing mood disorders, particularly depression. These experiences lead to changes in the brain and the body's stress response systems, which is able to contribute to the onset of mood disorders. However, not everyone who experiences these types of stressors proceeds to developing a mood disorder, indicating that other factors, such as genetics or resilience, play a role.

Links with chronic illnesses

Depression has been linked to several chronic illnesses, including diabetes, Parkinson's, and heart disease. It is not entirely clear how these conditions are related, but it is thought that depression contribute to the developing or worsening these illnesses through several mechanisms. For example, depression affect immune function, leading to increased inflammation and a greater risk of developing chronic diseases. Additionally, depression affect lifestyle factors such as exercise and diet, which influences the development of chronic diseases over time.

Generally, the following causes lead to mood disorders.

• Traumatic experiences (war, accident, domestic violence, sexual assault, or child abuse)
• Brain injury or other traumatic injury or illness
• Feeling depressed more often.
• Substance misuse and excessive consumption of drugs or alcohol
• Family history of mood disorders, depression, and anxiety
• Imbalance of brain chemicals or other brain malfunction
• Loneliness or isolation
• Recent changes in family or work life such as divorce, job loss, or death in the family

Who Is Affected by Mood Disorders?

Mood disorders impact individuals of all ages, from children and adolescents to adults. Both women and individuals assigned female at birth (AFAB) have a higher likelihood of experiencing major depression compared to men and individuals assigned male at birth.

While anyone experiences sadness or depression occasionally, mood disorders are characterised by more intense and persistent symptoms of irritability that are often difficult to manage. Individuals with a history of mood disorders in the family, particularly parents, are likelier to develop a mood disorder. Life events and stress exacerbate or expose feelings of sadness, irritability, and depression, making them more challenging to cope with.

Who Is at Risk of Experiencing Mood Disorders?

Feeling sad or depressed is a common experience for most people, and it's a natural response to life's challenges and difficulties. However, some people experience more severe and long-lasting symptoms, indicating the presence of a mood disorder. These disorders are challenging to manage and significantly impact a person's daily life and well-being.

One of the risk factors for developing a mood disorder is having a parent with the same condition. Studies have shown that individuals with a family history of mood disorders are likelier to develop these conditions. This must be due to genetic and environmental factors that are passed down from generation to generation.

Stressful life events are usually found to trigger or worsen feelings of sadness or depression. Experiencing major life changes, such as job loss, divorce, or the death of a loved one, might be incredibly challenging and lead to symptoms of depression or exacerbate existing mood disorders. Financial difficulties are a significant source of stress that impact mental health.

It's worth noting that women are at a higher risk of developing depression than men. Some theories suggest hormonal differences, societal expectations, and life experiences contribute to this increased risk. Additionally, having a family member diagnosed with a mood disorder increases the likelihood of the rest of the family members in developing the same condition.

Mood disorder has a strong genetic component, and having a family member with it significantly increases the risk of developing it. Relatives of people with bipolar disorder are also at an increased risk of developing depression. This emphasises the importance of being aware of family history and seeking help if symptoms of depression or bipolar disorder arise.

How common are mood disorders for different age levels?

Young adults between 18 and 29 had the highest incidence of depressive symptoms, with 21% reporting symptoms in the most recent two weeks. This age group also had the largest percentage of adults with mild depression, based on data from the CDC in 2019. However, it's worth noting that while depression was more common among young adults, it was also less likely to be severe.

Adults aged 30 and older had a lower prevalence of depression, and the incidence of severe depression did not vary significantly by age group. However, moderate depression had a more significant impact on adults aged 45 to 65. The severity of symptoms decreased in older adulthood, with individuals aged 65 and over more commonly experiencing milder symptoms.

Regarding children and adolescents, worldwide approximately 12% of those aged 12 to 17 had a depressive episode in 2020 severe enough to cause significant impairment. In contrast, depression was less common in children under 12 years old, with only 1.7% experiencing symptoms.

Around 2.6% of the elderly population suffers from depressive disorders. Although ageing and depression are not always linked, the gradual decrease in physical and mental abilities accompanying old age is able to jeopardise self-sufficiency. Moreover, older adults are prone to experiencing sorrow and mourning over the passing of loved ones. The mortality rate among older adults who are depressed is greater than that of those who express higher levels of life contentment, says recent studies.

These statistics highlight the importance of recognising and addressing depression, particularly among young adults and adolescents. It's essential to seek professional help and support for those experiencing symptoms of depression, regardless of their age.

How to Determine If I Have Mood Disorder?

A mood disorder means that the generated emotions don't match or cope with the surrounding, making it hard for an individual to perform their routine tasks. People with mood disorders almost always feel sad or angry or switch between being happy and feeling down. Anxiety makes it hard for a person to maintain an overall good mood. 

Apart from some major symptoms mentioned above, consider the likelihood of mood disorders if a person is facing the following symptoms and complaints: 

• Emotional Disorder
• Dysphoric Mood
• Feeling of Hopelessness
• Constant anger
• Rebellious acts
• Difficulty achieving in school.
• Difficulty with friends and peers
• Trouble with family
• Impulsive, potentially dangerous behaviour

Mood disorders' manifestations resemble other medical or mental health disorders. The signs differ in younger children and are evident as irritability. In young children, their interaction change; they withdraw or exhibit behavioural issues. Some display extreme hyperactivity and impulsiveness. It is always advisable to seek a diagnosis from a medical professional or mental health expert for a child exhibiting unusual behaviour.

When Should I See a Doctor for Possible Mood Disorder?

Symptoms related to experiencing a sudden attack of mania or depression that lasts longer than usual should be met with a mental health specialist. It might be necessary to consult your doctor to determine if other medications or environmental factors influence the mood disorder. Familiarity and education of major and minor mood disorder symptoms is essential to track progress and seeking appropriate help.

If you're apprehensive about experiencing a mood disorder, schedule a talk with a mental health professional or a doctor as soon as possible. Hesitation regarding seeking appropriate treatment is avoided by confiding in someone trustworthy before consultation, like a friend or loved one, a religious leader, minister, or anyone you feel comfortable with.

Typically, a mood disorder is identified when feelings of sadness, happiness, or anger are excessively strong and enduring and when there are accompanying symptoms of mood disorder, such as changes in sleep or activity levels. Additionally, the person's ability to function is significantly impacted.

Seek immediate counsel from a healthcare professional in case:

• Daily affairs related to work, relationships, social activities, or other aspects of life are impacted by the undulating emotions. 
• Increased tendency towards consuming drug or alcohol only to numb the inward pain.
• Suicidal thoughts or exhibit suicidal behaviour that requires medical attention. 

Mood disorders are unlikely to disappear without professional intervention and worsen with time. It is best to seek professional help before the mood disorder becomes worsens, as it is easier to treat in its early stages.

10 Types of Disorders include:

Major Depression: Depression is a common mental health disorder that presents with severe feeling of sadness or despair that occurs with or without a particular trauma or reason. Sometimes it's called "major depressive disorder" or "clinical depression". Depression makes it hard for people to do normal activities like go to school, hang out with friends, or even get out of bed in the morning. It might feel like life isn't worth living anymore.

Depression isn't something a person is able to "snap out" of, and it's not anyone’s fault to feel this way. Feeling better takes a long time, but some treatments do help. Most people with depression start to feel better with medicine or talking to someone helps, like a therapist. So don't give up hope! With the right help, one is able to start feeling better.

Symptoms of Major Depression

A person feel tired and lack energy almost every day. People with depression also feel guilty or worthless often and have difficulty concentrating or making decisions. They have trouble sleeping or sleeping too much. They do not feel interested in doing things you usually enjoy. They feel restless or slowed down and think about death or suicide a lot. They are prone to gaining or losing a lot of weight quickly.

Major depression makes it hard to do everyday things like work, study, sleep, eat, and have fun with friends. Some people only experience clinical depression once, while others have it multiple times.

What Causes Major Depression?

Major depression is caused by various factors, including:

• Losing a loved one through death, divorce, or separation
• Feeling isolated or deprived of social connection.
• Big life changes such as moving, graduation, job change, or retirement.
• Relationship problems with a significant other or a boss
• Experiencing physical, sexual, or emotional abuse

Sometimes, major depression runs in families, but other times, it affects people with no family history of the illness.

How to Take Care of a Person with Mood Disorder?

Major or clinical depression is a treatable illness that is addressed through antidepressant medications and psychotherapy. Other medications are usually added to antidepressants to enhance their effectiveness, and different drugs work better for different individuals. Electroconvulsive therapy, intranasal ketamine, and transcranial magnetic stimulation are additional treatment options available for individuals with severe or difficult-to-treat depression.

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD): SAD, a seasonal affective disorder, is a type of depression that manifests during the same season each year. It is a mood disorder that affects individuals who experience normal mental health throughout the year but exhibit symptoms of depression during a particular season, commonly winter, but not exclusively. SAD is a seasonal occurrence, with individuals returning to their usual state during the remainder of the year.

Who is Susceptible to SAD?

Although anyone is susceptible to develop SAD, it is more prevalent among women than men. People who reside farther from the equator, where winter daylight is short, are also more likely to be affected. Individuals aged fifteen to fifty-five are more susceptible to SAD, whereas older individuals have a lower risk of developing it. Additionally, those with close relatives with SAD are at greater risk of developing the condition. It is sometimes called seasonal depression, winter depression, or summertime sadness.

Symptoms of SAD

The symptoms and indications of the seasonal affective disorder tend to arise at a specific time of the year and include:

• Experiencing feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or tearfulness
• Increased appetite and cravings for food, leading to weight gain.
• Weight loss
• Loss of interest in previously enjoyable activities
• Sleep disturbances such as oversleeping or insomnia.
• Fatigue, exhaustion, and a general lack of energy
• Irritability
• Difficulty concentrating on tasks.

Causes of SAD?

The decrease in sunlight and the shorter duration of daylight hours are believed to cause a chemical shift in the brain, which is associated with the development of SAD.

SAD has also been linked to melatonin; a hormone associated with sleep. The body naturally produces more melatonin in response to darkness; as a result, more of the hormone is produced during the shorter, darker days of winter.

Treatment of SAD?

The treatments for "summer depression" and "winter depression" do vary and include one or a combination of the following approaches:

• Sunlight exposure: Spending time outside or in proximity to a window alleviate symptoms.
• Light therapy: When increasing natural sunlight exposure is not feasible, exposure to a specialised light for a specified duration daily is beneficial.
• Psychotherapy: Cognitive-behavioural or interpersonal therapy helps with addressing distorted self-perceptions and negative environmental outlooks. It also aids in enhancing interpersonal skills and identifying and managing sources of stress.
• Antidepressant medication: These prescription drugs help rectify the chemical imbalances that cause SAD.

Foods to Take: Here are some food options for alleviating symptoms of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD):

1. Vitamin D sources include fatty fish, egg yolks, and mushrooms.
2. Complex carbohydrates are found in whole grains, sweet potatoes, and beans.
3. Omega-3 Fatty Acids are available in fatty fish, flaxseed, and walnuts.
4. Essential nutrients and antioxidants are abundant in fruits and vegetables.
5. Tryptophan sources include turkey, chicken, nuts, and seeds.

Substance-Induced Disorder: The use of drugs leads to changes in mental states that resembles mental illness but are Substance-Induced Disorders (SIDs). SIDs are illnesses or conditions that arise directly from substance abuse. They differ from co-occurring disorders or dual diagnoses in that mental illness is not simply co-existing with addiction. Still, rather it is specifically caused by substance abuse.

Causes of SID

The brain produces chemicals that impact our thoughts, emotions, and actions. When these chemicals are not appropriately balanced, it leads to issues with thinking, feeling, or behaving. Various drugs alter the amounts of these chemicals, causing mood issues.

While some drugs cause mood issues while you are consuming them, others have the potential to cause problems that persist for weeks following the cessation of use. Several drugs and medications lead to mood problems, including:

• Illegal drugs such as cocaine and LSD, as well as alcohol
• Over-the-counter medicines like some decongestants
• Prescription medications that treat heart problems, high blood pressure, anxiety, depression, pain, and others. 

Symptoms of SID

Depression symptoms include feeling sad and disinterested, sleep disturbances, changes in appetite and weight, low energy, loss of sexual desire, feelings of worthlessness, difficulty concentrating, and thoughts of suicide or death. On the other hand, mania symptoms involve an inflated sense of self-esteem, talkativeness, racing thoughts, restlessness, anxiety, sleeplessness, irritability, and reckless behaviour.

Treatment of SID

Seek medical attention if you suspect a medication is impacting your mood, and do not alter medication dosages without the guidance of a healthcare provider. Treatment for drug abuse and addiction includes medication, therapy, self-help groups, and substance abuse treatment programs. It is suggested that you must be willing to stop using drugs for treatment to be effective. Therapy administered in groups or individually involve medication for depression or anxiety in certain cases.

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia): Persistent depressive disorder (PDD) is a type of depression that lasts for an extended period. Symptoms include feeling sad and empty, losing interest in daily activities, and having difficulty completing tasks. Low self-esteem, feelings of failure, and hopelessness are also common. These feelings do persist for years and affect relationships, work, and daily life. People with persistent depressive disorder struggle to feel happy even in joyful situations and be described as having a negative personality. While less severe than major depression, the current mood of someone with persistent depressive disorder range from mild to severe.

Causes of PDD

The causes of dysthymia and depression are not yet fully understood by experts. While genetics contribute, many individuals affected by depression do not show a family history of the condition, while others with a family history not develop depression. Abnormalities in the brain circuits or nerve pathways responsible for regulating mood are also thought to be involved. Additionally, major life stressors, chronic illness, medications, and relationship or work problems increase the likelihood of developing dysthymia in individuals biologically predisposed to depression.

Treatment and Prevention

The most effective PDD treatment involves medication and talks therapy or counselling. Antidepressants, such as SSRIs and SNRIs, effectively treats depression. However, it take a month or longer to sense the effects, and it is important to continue taking medication as prescribed. Counselling, particularly cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), also helps with managing PDD. In CBT, a therapist helps you with identifying and challenging negative thoughts and emotions and develop a more positive thinking pattern.

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe type of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) that causes physical and emotional symptoms in a week or two leading up to menstruation. PMS typically causes bloating, headaches, and breast tenderness.

Around 10% of women or individuals assigned female at birth (AFAB) of reproductive age are affected by PMDD.

Symptoms of PMDD

PMDD symptoms differ from person to person and show up one or two weeks before the period and disappear within a few days of the start. Apart from PMS symptoms like bloating and cramping, symptoms of PMDD include food cravings, mood swings, fatigue, headaches, difficulty concentrating, anxiety, panic attacks, depression, suicidal thoughts, and feeling tense, overwhelmed, angry or irritable. Some people experience PMDD symptoms until menopause.

Causes of PMDD

The exact cause of PMDD is unknown to experts. However, hormonal changes involving estrogenic, and progesterone is responsible for triggering symptoms during the phase between ovulation and menstruation. Additionally, fluctuations in serotonin levels, a chemical in the brain that regulates mood, sleep, and hunger, contribute to PMDD symptoms. These levels vary during the menstrual cycle.

Treatment of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

To manage PMDD, healthcare providers recommend treatments such as SSRIs, antidepressants, hormonal birth control pills, dietary changes, over-the-counter pain medicines, regular exercise, and stress management tools. These treatments help alleviate the physical and emotional symptoms of PMDD.

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD): Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) is a mental health condition common in children and adolescents. It is characterised by persistent irritability, anger, and frequent, intense temper outbursts. DMDD symptoms go beyond ordinary moodiness and significantly affects a child's daily functioning at home, school, and in social situations. Children with DMDD are likelier to have high healthcare service use, hospitalisation, and school suspension. They are also at higher risk of developing other mood disorders.

Symptoms of Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

Children or adolescents diagnosed with DMDD exhibit severe temper outbursts and a chronically irritable or angry mood most of the day, which lead to trouble functioning in different environments. These outbursts and tantrums should have been ongoing for at least 12 months and occur, on average, three or more times per week. The diagnosis usually happens between 6 and 10, and the symptoms must have been present continuously for 12 or more months.

Causes of DMDD

DMDD being a recently identified disorder, the causes of this disorder are poorly understood by researchers. However, it is believed that biological, genetic, and environmental factors contribute to its development, like other conditions such as oppositional defiant disorder and bipolar disorder.

Treatment of Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

Due to DMDD being a recently recognised condition, there is limited research on its treatment. Treatments for other childhood conditions linked with irritability, like anxiety and ADHD, have been used to treat DMDD. Current treatment options for DMDD include psychotherapy and medication. Psychotherapy is often recommended first, with medication as a secondary option if necessary.

Cyclothymic Disorder

Cyclothymia, also known as a cyclothymic disorder, is a mood disorder that is relatively mild compared to other mood disorders. It involves alternating periods of mild depression and hypomania, with neither reaching the severity nor length of major depressive or full mania episodes seen in bipolar disorder. Symptoms experienced by individuals with the cyclothymic disorder are less severe than those observed in full-blown bipolar disorder.

Symptoms of Cyclothymic Disorder

The following are signs and symptoms associated with the elevated mood states of cyclothymia:

• An excessive sense of happiness or well-being (euphoria)
• A highly optimistic outlook
• Increased self-esteem
• Speaking more than usual
• Poor decision-making leads to risky behaviour or foolish choices.
• Racing thoughts
• Irritability or restlessness
• Excessive physical activity
• An intensified drive to achieve goals, whether they are related to work, social life, or sexuality.
• A decreased need for sleep
• A tendency to become easily distracted.
• Difficulty concentrating.

Causes of Cyclothymic Disorder

Cyclothymic disorder is often considered a mild type of bipolar disorder, although the exact cause of either condition remains unclear. Both conditions appear to have a genetic component, individuals with cyclothymia having a higher likelihood of having family members with bipolar disorder and vice versa.

Treatment Options

Cyclothymia is a mild, unrecognised mood disorder that is treated with psychotherapy and medication. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is effective in treating cyclothymia. Medications such as mood stabilisers are prescribed to reduce mood swings. Therapy aims to help individuals recognise, monitor, and manage symptoms, cope with stress, change their thought patterns, and improve communication. While no specific medications have been approved to treat cyclothymia yet, mood stabilisers like valproate, lamotrigine, and lithium are prescribed.

Depression Related to Medical Illness: Depression is a mood disorder characterised by sadness, hopelessness, and lack of interest in everyday life. Depression is caused by various medical conditions such as heart disease, Parkinson's disease, and cancer. Improving physical health helps alleviate symptoms of depression, but if the underlying condition persists, depression continues.

Symptoms

Symptoms of depression includes not only feeling sad and uninterested in things but also irritability, changes in sleep patterns, changes in appetite and weight, low energy, loss of interest in sex, feelings of worthlessness and guilt, difficulty concentrating or remembering things, feeling hopeless, and a lack of motivation to improve one's condition.

Causes of Depression Linked with a medical condition

The exact cause of depression is unknown, but it is believed that the imbalance of chemicals in the brain that affect thoughts, emotions, and actions do lead to the condition. Many medical problems and certain medications upset this balance, leading to depression. Medical conditions that contribute to causing depression includes heart disease, stroke, brain problems like Parkinson's disease, hormone problems such as thyroid issues, infections, and cancer. The illness leads to depression due to decreased energy levels, feelings of isolation, and changes in self-perception.

Treatment of Depression Linked to Medical Illness

Most people who receive treatment for depression do recover from it, although success is not guaranteed. Combining antidepressant medication and psychotherapy is often more effective than either treatment alone. There are many different types of antidepressant medications available, but the exact mechanism of how they work is not fully understood. Psychotherapy involves talking to a licensed professional who helps the person with depression focus on the behaviours, emotions, and thoughts contributing to their condition and regain control and pleasure.

Bipolar Disorder: Bipolar Disorder includes Bipolar I and Bipolar II Disorders.

Bipolar I Disorder

Bipolar I disorder, previously known as "manic depression," is a mental health condition which affects an individual's mood, energy, and ability to function. This disorder is characterised by extreme emotional highs and lows that last for several weeks or more. The high mood swings, known as mania, involve a range of symptoms, including heightened energy, euphoria, irritability, racing thoughts, talkativeness, and agitation. These symptoms are so severe that they disrupt an individual's daily life, work, and relationships.

The low mood swings associated with bipolar I disorder reflect depression symptoms, such as sadness, hopelessness, lethargy, difficulty concentrating, worthlessness, and loss of interest in daily activities. These symptoms interferes with an individual's ability to function and impact their quality of life.

Bipolar I disorder is considered the most severe form of bipolar disorder because of the intensity of the manic episodes. Individuals experiencing mania engage in risky behaviours, such as excessive spending, substance abuse, and reckless driving, jeopardising their safety and well-being.

Bipolar II Disorder

Bipolar II disorder also involves cycles of depression like Bipolar I disorder but includes hypomania, a less severe form of mania. Hypomanic periods are less intense than manic episodes, and individuals still carry out their daily tasks. However, hypomania causes an individual to feel excessively happy, confident, and energetic, leading to impulsive decision-making and risk-taking behaviours.

Overall, both Bipolar I and II disorders significantly impacts an individual's life, and it is crucial to seek proper diagnosis and treatment from a healthcare professional. With proper treatment, patients with bipolar disorder do lead healthy and productive lives. 

Mood Disorder Related to Any Other Health Condition

Almost any severe medical condition usually triggers mood disorders. Some well-known medical conditions that lead to a mood disorder diagnosis caused by a general medical condition include neurological disorders (such as Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease) and heart attacks.

Changes in mood and behaviour are caused by medical conditions that affect the brain, such as traumatic brain injury, brain tumours, and infections like encephalitis or meningitis. Mood is affected by endocrine disorders as well, such as thyroid problems, adrenal gland changes, and diabetes. 

Other medical conditions, such as chronic pain, autoimmune disorders, and sleep disorders, contribute to developing mood disorders. Moreover, medications for medical conditions sometimes cause or worsen mood symptoms. To treat the condition effectively, addressing any underlying medical problems contributing to a mood disorder is essential.

What food is good for People with Mood Disorders?

While no single food universally benefits those with mood disorders, certain foods positively impact mood, according to studies. These foods include:

• Omega-3 fatty acids that are found in fatty fish, flaxseed, chia seeds, and walnuts help reduce inflammation and improve brain function, which alleviates the symptoms of depression.
• Complex carbohydrates, for example, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, provide a steady source of glucose that helps maintain energy levels and stabilise mood.
• Probiotics, such as those found in yoghurt and other fermented foods, help improve gut health and reduce inflammation, which contributes in improving the mood. 
• B vitamin-rich foods, including leafy green vegetables, beans, nuts, and whole grains, are important for brain function and help reduce symptoms of depression.

It's worth noting that a balanced diet consisting of a variety of nutrient-rich foods is generally recommended for overall health and are especially beneficial for those with mood disorders. It's also important to consult a healthcare provider before significantly changing your diet.

What are the risks of having mood disorders?

Mood disorders have significant adverse impacts on the overall health of an individual. There are many risks of having mood disorders which increase as the time duration of that specific mood disorder progresses. The best way to cope with mood disorder is to discuss the symptoms of mood disorders with a psychotherapist before it reaches the advanced form. Below we discuss some of the risks of long-term mood disorders. 

Poor social life: The social life of an individual includes their relationship with family members, friends, colleagues or with their better half. These relationships require a sane mind for devotion and commitment. Due to mood disorders, they do not live up to the expectations and hence lose their loved ones. They are aware of their responsibilities, but their incapability to feel and express their true emotions is costly to their loved ones. Poor social life causes further deterioration of the body and mind since human relationships are supposed to bring peace among each other and provide mental relief in tough times.  

Deteriorating mental health is followed by poor performance at work that ends up in unemployment. Poor social life further renders the person idle and plays a major role in long term mood disorders. 

Declining physical health: Physical health is dependent on mental health. The brain of our body is like the Central Processing Unit (CPU) of a computer. Once the CPU loses itself, it takes no time for the computer to follow. Stomach problems have a greater correlation with stress and anxiety since the release of stomach acids increases with overthinking. Cardiac disorders are commonly observed in people with a history of chronic depression or psychosis. Rhythm and rate of heart fluctuates with mood and emotions which cause impacts of great deal in the long run. The past and present of the world is loaded with brilliant artists and leaders who met depression and eventually got bed ridden. Thus, people are encouraged to never take your sleepless nights or endless loops of overthinking lightly. Declining physical health symptoms are not normal, and they need to be addressed to a health specialist as soon as possible. 

Substance abuse: The use of drugs that are either not legal or legal but not recommended is called as substance abuse. Substance abuse include the use of narcotic drugs that are banned in many countries and their dealership has severe penalties. Substance abuse also include the prescribed drugs when taken in large doses for the sake of psychological satisfaction. 

People with mood disorders tend to numb their mental aching with narcotic drugs, antidepressants, or sedatives. Prescribed dosage of these drugs is minimal in the beginning of therapy, but resistance develops in the long run that causes the person to consume more. Overuse of such drugs eventually leads to the causation of severe systemic side effects that affect the heart, lungs, brain, and limbs. 

Physicians suggest to combat the mental illness symptoms before a person develop craving for such drugs or see them as the last resort for escape. A medical prescription by a registered medical practitioner is required to get medicines for mental health disorders like bipolar disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, mania, etc. Prescription is necessary to ensure the wellness of patients and prevent them from any drug abuse or overdose whatsoever. 

Suicide: Suicide is the termination of one’s life with self-harm. Suicide is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and people with mood disorders comprise the most of them. Suicide takes a lot of sensory overloads for an individual to make this decision and people with untreated chronic mood disorders believe that this is the only escape. Sudden emotions of despair or huge loss also leads to suicide. Certain health disorders cause severe physical pain that does not go away with pain killers. People suffering from such disorders end their life on their own. Similarly, the commonest cause of death in Huntington Disease, a neurological disorder, is suicide. 

Suicide is an unfortunate loss of a human life that affects everyone around them as well. Patients with chronic depression that are in huge despair and see no hope around them needs to be taken care of in this regard since they have the greatest tendencies for making suicide attempts and succeeding in them unfortunately. Immediate mental health attention is provided to individuals that meet sudden losses in their lives and develop suicidal tendencies. 

Mood disorders have adverse effects on physical health, immediate surroundings, and relationships. With proper medical treatment and lifestyle changes, these risks of mood disorders are alleviated, and the person is brought back to normal functioning in their meaningful life. 

How does a Mood Disorder affect the brain? 

Mood disorders result from a history of mental affliction, trauma, or a family history of such disorders. Mood disorder is the functional abnormality of the brain which later progresses to loss of physiological properties as well, like the inadequate release of neurotransmitters or faults in wiring of the brain. Below we discuss some of the notorious mood disorders with their theoretical impacts on brain morphology. 

Anxiety Disorders: Anxiety disorders are a group of mental health conditions that present with excessive worry, confusion, fear, irritability, and avoidance. Anxiety disorders stem from inferiority complexes mostly that have a history associated with trauma, negative self-image, or low self-worth.

The desire to achieve the highest rank or perform well on stage is almost always accompanied by anxiety. Anxiety disorders are common among people with greater goals. Students, particularly those of medicine, face increased levels of anxiety always due to greater competitiveness in their respective fields. Anxiety disorders are classified further into the following:

• Generalised Anxiety Disorder
• Panic Disorder
• Social Anxiety Disorder
• Various Phobias-related Disorders

These disorders differ only slightly from each other and have entirely different treatment plans. 

Scientists believe that anxiety disorders have to do with the release of neurotransmitters mostly. Low levels of serotonin or increased levels of gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitters cause a feeling of low self-esteem. These changes have impacts on the brain areas that are dependent on the mentioned neurotransmitters. The affected areas and the resultant actions are described below. 

Amygdala is responsible for processing the general sense of posing threats or fears. Amygdala area is hyperactive in anxiety disorders even when there is no apparent threat in sight.  

The prefrontal cortex being responsible for adequate decision making, analysing the surroundings, and processing of emotions is the least active in patients with mood disorders. 

Insula is explained to play part in maintaining the posture and gait of an individual. Increased fidgeting with objects and continuous shaking of legs in anxiety attributes to the lowered activity in the insula of brain. 

Chronic Depression: Depression is a mood disorder that has both mental and physical signs of health degradation. Depression includes the general feelings of unexplained sorrow, fatiguability, sleepiness and excessive irritability. People with depression are extremely sensitive and find no joy in doing things or meeting people that once made them feel on top of the world. Depression occurs on its own or stem from a history of anxiety disorders. Below we mention a few areas of the brain that are affected due to depression. 

Amygdala, the area of the brain that detects danger and steadies the body for it is always activated in depression. Mood disorder is evident by the symptoms of extreme sensitivity and fatigued behaviour of an individual in depression. 

The prefrontal cortex loses its normal functioning due to inadequate levels of serotonin. Mood disorder causes decreased expression and reception of emotions which is one prominent symptom of depression. 

A hippocampus is an area in the brain that saves memory. Hippocampus area is inactive for people with chronic depression. Such patients are often found struggling with recalling old memories or detailing a recent one. 

These brain changes in depression are attributed to the imbalanced levels of dopamine and serotonin. Treatment goal is to bring these neurotransmitters in the normal range for better functioning of the body and mind. 

Bipolar Disorder: Bipolar disorder is characterised by sudden shift in the mood, energy, and emotional expression from one extreme to another. Bipolar disorder is comprised of two phases i.e., mania and depression. Mania presents itself with irritability, increased talkativeness, sleeplessness, hostile and delusional behaviour. In manic phase, striatum is mainly affected that demonstrates risky and impulsive behaviour. Patients are seen to be hyperactive in their daily life activities with unusually good mood. It is soon followed by exhaustion which progresses towards the onset of depression phase. 

Depression, on the other hand, involves fatigue, low mood, loss of memory, decreased appetite and body aches. In the depression phase, amygdala is activated that generates general feelings of hopelessness and despair. The patient gets emotional suddenly and throw fits about nothing. 

Neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine are studied and found to play a role in bipolar disorders. The two chemicals release or shut down on their own accord and cause symptoms discussed above. 

The three mood disorders discussed above are largely dependent on neurotransmitters released in the brain. Medications that aim to treat the symptoms or the disorder mainly includes drugs that bring the related neurotransmitter levels to normal. 

What is the treatment for mood disorders?

Mood disorders present with exaggerated or understated symptoms. Many people still believe that mood disorders are due to trauma and have their impacts throughout life irrespective of treatment. Such mindset needs to be changed since all the mood disorders are treatable with different modes of treatments. Treatment of mood disorders starts from lifestyle modifications to medications and therapy. Alternative modes are chosen at a time to make the treatment plan of a patient with a single or multiple mood disorders. Following are the applicable modes of treatment that works for patients with mood disorders.

Medical Treatment: The above two modalities of treatment are beneficial on their own but needs additional intervention of medicinal therapy. Medical treatment of mood disorders revolves around the kind of neurotransmitter involved. This classifies the drugs into the following groups:

Antidepressants are drugs used to treat depression. Antidepressants’ main function is to regulate the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine. Antidepressants dosage is prescribed by health professionals only according to the need of patient since it causes drowsiness, nausea, and sexual dysfunction upon high intake.

Anxiolytics are drugs used to relieve anxiety. Anxiolytics include benzodiazepines that depresses the overactivated areas of the brain, e.g., amygdala. Benzodiazepines takes time to start working for patients and thus require regular intake. Anxiolytic drugs cause sedation thus their abuse and overdose are common among patients with mood disorders. Health professionals are advised to take utmost care of the prescribed drug dosage to avoid health hazards. 

Mood stabilisers are drugs known to treat mood disorders with unusual onset or extremely exaggerated symptoms. Mood stabilisers include bipolar disorder. Lithium based drugs are used to treat bipolar disorders that has good results. Long term use causes weight gain, sleepiness, or tremors.

Medical treatment of mood disorders is risky at times because the patients on such drugs develops drug dependence. Some patients develop withdrawal symptoms after they quit taking their medicines while believing that they don’t need it anymore. Common withdrawal symptoms include increased muscle tension, chest tightness, struggle to breath and body aches. Withdrawal symptoms varies for different drugs and require immediate medical attention. 

Psychotherapy: Psychotherapy is the commonest treatment modality used for mood disorders. Psychotherapy sessions are comprised of active talking and listening between a patient and their psychotherapist. Psychotherapy helps individuals to speak out their own mind and then pick solutions from their therapist for every bothering thought. Psychotherapy has three main types that are discussed below. 

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT): “One did so and so to this person in this matter, was it nice or evil of one? What actions could have been the better alternatives?” CBT commonly revolves around questions like these. The main goal of CBT is to make a patient aware of their situation and suggest healthy choices to themselves. In CBT sessions, the subject is made to ponder over their own actions and judge their own behaviour. While the therapist quietly listens, the subject talks about their situated matter, the response given by them then and there and speak in length of what they think or what else is to be done. 

Patients with overthinking and anxiety are saved with this therapy by asking them to convert their negative thinking into positive. They make a chart of their troubling thoughts and write a positive one right in front of it. Regular repetition of positive thinking exercise helps in boosting self-image with healthy reaffirmations to oneself. 

Psychoanalytic Therapy: Psychoanalytic therapy, also known as psychodynamic therapy, is based on a set of in-depth talking sessions and techniques that evokes the subconscious mind. Psychoanalytic therapy helps individuals to recall things that are in their remote past and long forgotten. Psychoanalytic therapy includes childhood traumas and incidents, vivid dreams, in-depth desires, and longings. The subject is not always aware of any such thing in their mind, but the therapist digs deeper to find and examine the root that caused later in life mental health illnesses. 

Interpersonal Therapy: Mood disorders upset the relationships or social standing of an individual. Interpersonal therapy sessions focus on the relationships of an individual. In postpartum depression, the mother experiences severe somnolence and despair. The initial blues take their toll on husband wife relationship and cause emotional absence on both ends. In extreme cases, the mother harm their new-born as well. In such cases, medication and interpersonal therapy sessions have shown great improvements. 

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT): Electroconvulsive therapy involves the transmission of electrical impulses through the brain and stimulate the inactive areas. ECT is the last resort to treat severe and chronic depression that won’t respond to medicines. Patient is given general anaesthesia and muscle relaxants and then the current of specific magnitude is transmitted through their brain. Many patients are found to respond to this form of therapy, but memory loss have also been reported in them. 

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS): Transcranial magnetic stimulation involves the generation of magnetic field which stimulates areas of the brain. TMS works similarly to the electroconvulsive therapy except for the principle that magnetic forces are required for this therapy to work. The patient is seated on a chair without anaesthetising them or giving muscle relaxants. A magnetic foil is placed upon their head that generates magnetic field towards the brain tissue. Magnetic foil is found to improve mood and treat depression. TMS doesn’t cause memory loss, but headaches and feelings of discomfort are reported. 

Environmental Support: Environmental support is the understanding and affection shown by the immediate surrounding of an individual. Environmental support includes friends, colleagues, family members and romantic partner. Extending warm hands and social support towards the patients with mood disorders is crucial in the treatment. People with mood disorders are aware of their emotional incapability to express and reciprocate their surroundings but they are unable to improve on their own even with their best effort. Mutual understanding and empathy from relatives help them in recovering sooner once they firmly decide to get better for their loved ones. 

Mental illnesses and their treatment take effort and determination on part of both the patient and their close relatives. Patients then recover completely from their mood disorder upon appropriate treatment and care.  

How to improve mood disorders?

Treatment of mood disorders require everyday devotion towards improvement and getting towards the betterment. While there are many modes of treatment available for all types of mood disorders, it’s still important to take charge of your mental health on your own. Improvements in the mood disorders are made by adopting simple habits and routines discussed below. 

Lifestyle Modifications: Lifestyle modifications are related to dietary intake and sleep pattern of an individual. Intervention in these two health departments of a human body is found to bring out the best outcomes in mental health nourishment. 

Sleep Pattern: Decreased sleep or oversleeping is found to have significant impacts on the mental health. Optimally, securing an 8-hour sleep time is necessary for every adult. Other than sleep time, it is also important to note the time a person routinely goes to bed. Sleeping during the night and working in the daytime is ideal for better functioning. Unfortunately, human today has adapted to the routine of staying till late night and waking up tired the next morning for school or work. Altered routine needs to be discouraged since nothing good comes out of going against the nature. 

Healthy Diet: A balanced diet that includes all the macro and micro nutrition is highly recommended. Folate and Vitamin B12 play part in the development of central nervous system and regulation of the peripheral nerve supply. A diet low in iron presents itself with easy fatiguability which is mainly due to anaemia, thus this symptom is also be attributed to the compromised nervous system functions due to decreased oxygenation in the respective individuals. Vitamin D levels are almost always decreased in patients with chronic depression thus they are advised to take sun bath every day for 30 minutes at the very least. 

Routine Exercise: Health is a huge asset, and this fact is realised only when one’s health is deteriorating. Mild to moderate workout routine is recommended for people of all age groups. Exercise releases certain neurotransmitters in the brain, called endorphins. Endorphins are happy molecules that proceeds to elevate one’s mood upon release. Routine exercise equals daily dose of endorphins which is proved to be helpful in the treatment of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). People with depression are advised to move around occasionally even if they find it the hardest. Once their body crack the code to quick release of happy molecules after walking or workout, they are motivated every day to continue the routine. 

Adopting a healthy lifestyle is always proven to halt the progression of any disease towards its advanced form or altogether cure it. Once the disorder is subsided, other treatments are able to be terminated or continued upon need, but lifestyle improvements are advised to be carried on for dodging rapid aging and diseases. 

Is ADHD considered as a mood disorder?

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a developmental disorder of the brain and its subsequent wiring. ADHD is usually diagnosed in the childhood. ADHD symptoms include lack of focus while doing a particular activity, lack of one’s ability to control impulses and the actions made towards those impulses and maintaining a normal human behaviour. 

Mood disorders are mental health illnesses that affects the ability to comprehend thoughts and emotions in the normal settings. Mood disorder is mainly related to decreased emotional capability and includes depression and bipolar disorder. Depression is a continuous feeling of low perception of self while bipolar disorder keeps switching between extremely good mood (mania) and extreme despair (depression). 

ADHD and mood disorders share a few similarities, but they are entirely apart. Thus, ADHD is not a mood disorder which is further discussed below. 

While mood disorders are related to the disturbed emotional state of an individual, ADHD is diagnosed way before a person’s emotional dependence or maturity begins to develop. ADHD is the loss of ability to focus and follow through the assigned tasks as the mental capability is decreased due to developmental error. It have symptoms of hyperactivity, excess talking and restlessness at times that direct towards the manic phase of bipolar disorder. Similarly, the restlessness result in easy fatiguability and progress towards depression. Loss of good energy and thus lowered ability to concentrate in patients with mood disorders not necessarily mean that this patient is suffering from ADHD as well. 

Symptom of low moods and low self-esteem is shared by almost all the mental health disorders, and it gets difficult to differentiate between the two. 

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental disorders is a reference used by psychology experts to differentiate between the different mental health disorders. In this manual, it is shown that mood disorders are placed in one class of mental health disorders while ADHD is placed in another. The class of neurodevelopmental illnesses include disorders like ADHD, autism, and intellectual disability. Mood disorder on the other hand is broadly classified into the depressive and bipolar disorders. The change in class signifies the difference between the course, symptomatology, clinical presentation, and treatment plans of these two mental health disorders. 

Treatment of ADHD includes drugs like amphetamines that helps with easing the anxious and hyperactive behaviour while that of bipolar disorder aims to bring the elevated or depressed neurotransmitters to the normal levels. Psychotherapy like cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy have shown great improvements in the treatment of ADHD. 

Mental illnesses are exhausting for an individual and if not treated, they carry around multiple illnesses at a time. Patients with ADHD suffer from severe depression at a point in their life that causes problems with drawing an actual diagnosis and on point treatment. Thus, Physicians advise to visit a mental health specialist just as soon as the mental health begins to cripple, and symptoms start appearing. 

Is anxiety a type of mood disorder? 

Anxiety is a mental health condition that affects many populations worldwide. Anxiety is presented with excessive worry, fear, restlessness, fidgeting and increased sweating. In severe cases, shortness of breath and panicking is to be observed. Anxiety disorders are further classified into the following:

• Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
• Social Anxiety Disorder
• Panic Disorder
• Various Phobias

Anxiety is usually triggered in specific settings like performance on stage, appearing for exams, engaging in a social setting or anything that requires detailed prior mental adjustment to face it. 

Mood disorders are related to variations in the chronic emotional state of an individual. They do not occur suddenly and never need a trigger for the onset of its everyday symptoms. The symptoms switch between mania and depression, but the regular pattern of the disorder is still followed. Anxiety is not a type of mood disorder which is further evident from the discussion below. 

Anxiety is characterised by sudden bouts of intense fear and worry along with physical symptoms like restlessness. Anxiety thus affects the cognitive functions and behaviour of the person. Mood disorders affects emotions and are characterised by prolonged and persistent symptoms of either severe depression or elevated mood. 

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental disorders (DSM-5) have clearly differentiated between mood disorders and anxiety disorders by keeping them in separate classes. This demonstrates the well-studied differences in clinical features and devised treatment plans for these two disorders.

Anxiolytic drugs such as benzodiazepines and barbiturates are required to treat the anxiety disorders that quickly relieves the symptoms of excess worry and restlessness. Antidepressants or lithium-based drugs, on the other hand, are used to treat mood disorders and has a longer onset of action.

Anxiety tags along with many mental illnesses. In more than 60% cases, anxiety is seen to coexist with mood disorders like depression and bipolar disorder. Appropriate treatment and care are found to improve the symptoms at large. Lifestyle modifications like healthy eat and sleep schedule brings overall betterment in health. Avoiding situations that triggers the fears help as well. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI) and benzodiazepines are effective medical treatments for anxiety disorder. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy is the psychotherapy of choice in the treatment of anxiety disorders.

In conclusion, anxiety disorders and mood disorders are entirely different from each other. The similarity between these two is a common concern, and these disorders share many symptoms, but it still takes a mental health professional to differentiate between the two and advise accordingly.

Does stress cause mood disorders? 

Stress is a common and relatable experience for all the human beings. It occurs due to different forces like work, school, social responsibility. Chronic stress causes mood disorders like depression and bipolar disorder. In the article below we discuss the relationship between stress load and mood disorders and answer the question whether stress causes depression and anxiety or not. 

Stress is a response to threatening situations.  new to that person and the cluelessness in emergency results in stress generation. Stress comes from pending work, financial burden, relationship, and health problems. Stress is psychological but it has its own physical symptoms like increased muscle tension, headache, restlessness and feeling of chest tightness. 

Stress is an acute situation, and its symptoms correlate with mood disorders. People that try to make it every day with minimum financial resources or greater workload experiences greater stress. Too much stress over a long period of time eventually results in mood disorders like depression and bipolar disorder. 

Stress for prolong periods of time result in mood disorders that has effects on the overall health as well. Physicians always advise their patients with heart problems to avoid stress. Diabetes also occurs due to chronic stress. Adolescents and adults develop eating disorders due to stress leading to loss of appetite and undernutrition or overeating and obesity. 

In today’s world, unfortunately, people flex over the drill at work and ignore taking care of their health. Medical students and doctors have adapted to drinking coffee instead of taking an optimal sleep. The continuous consumption of coffee to relax and avoid sleep is found to generate further stress and anxiety. Coffee directly affects the stomach as well which is already acidic due to increase in stress. All these factors eventually play their part in causing the final blow – mood disorders. 

Mood disorders are treatable with medications, but lifestyle modifications Must be made while a person is in its stress era. The common practice to believe that the workplace cripples down without any person and the monthly produce; the passion is appreciated but it’s not worth a human life. The boss easily replaces the employee with stress related mental health issues and soon someone else does that work. Thus, it is important to understand that self-care in both mental and physical health is mandatory to set a person moving.

Occupational Health played major roles in the better functioning of the working class of the populations. With the help of ergonomics, fix duty hours and well-designed workplaces are enforced to help people work in suitable environments every day. Suitable environment helps not only with physical health, in fact, it is proven to have better results in mental health improvement as well. Decreased stress and assigning tasks only according to the capabilities of the person has put them in a feasible working environment and thus avoid depression in the long run. 

Is mood disorder considered a serious mental illness? 

Mood disorders affect the emotional well-being of a human. Studies state that it sure is a struggle to survive every single day for a person with mood disorders who have nothing to look forward to. People are sometimes surrounded by endless opportunities and loving people but still feel the loneliest person on Earth. Chronic states have also reported with suicide attempts as they tend to end their own life thinking of it as a meaningless drill. 

Mood disorder is considered as a serious mental illness by how it affects the quality of life. People with mood disorders are persistently low on serotonin thus feel downtrodden, hopeless, helpless, and worthless. It makes the person count their days while they are alive as if they are suffering from a terminal physical illness. “Depression” is regarded as one of the leading causes of disability, according to World Health Organization. Around 266 million people of all age groups suffer from depression throughout the world. 

Mood disorders are associated with increased number of suicides. Almost 90% cases of attempted suicides have history of mood disorders like depression and bipolar disorder. A sane mind never as much as scratches their body but those with mood disorders give up on their life years ago and attempt suicide when living any further is unbearable to them. 

Many people still believe that mental health is only related to the complete collapse of brain or comatose state. Other than that, Mental health illnesses are stigmatised in many areas of the world and thus people with mood disorders are resistant and reluctant about presenting to a psychotherapist which results in further damage to mental health. People need education in this regard and must be told about how depression has ability to completely disable a human being and cost them their only life.

10th October is observed and celebrated as Mental Health Day around the world every year. Its main purpose is to educate and bring awareness regarding the mental health illness symptoms and the resultant complications. Awareness campaigns, books, movies, and TV shows based on mental illnesses have shown great improvements in educating the masses. People who would deny depression in the previous decade are now well-understood with autism spectrum disorders as well which is an applaud for the workforce engaged in mental health department. 

Conclusion

Mood disorders are a significant public health concern as they harm an individual's quality of life. As a result, the public, family members, and healthcare professionals must comprehend and acknowledge them.

The complexity surrounding mood disorders, including their symptoms and treatments, creates stigma towards those who suffer from them. This necessitates the implementation of educational measures to combat such a scenario.

The family plays a vital role in the patient's adherence to treatment and is also profoundly affected by their mental distress. Therefore, they must be given equal attention and care.